Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a chronic eyelid inflammation. The oil glands on the edges of both eyelids are clogged, leading to irritation, redness, and swelling.

The condition is not contagious and does not damage eyesight, but it can be hard to treat.

Inflammatory eyelids or blepharitis is common and can affect anyone. People with oily skin or skin conditions are more likely to develop the conditions. Women are also at higher risk of infection with staphylococcal blepharitis.

Types of blepharitis

Anterior blepharitis is when there is oil gland discharge on the lashes or swelling and redness on the exterior surface of the eyelids, where eyelashes grow.
Posterior blepharitis is due toabnormal function of meibomian glands under the eyelid.

Signs and symptoms

Oily and swollen eyelids.
Itchiness, burning sensation, redness, and irritation in the eyes.
Crusty eyelashes and eyelid corners.
Dry eye.
Excessive watery eyes or blinking.

Other signs and symptoms are:

Loss of eyelashes. If only one eye is affected, you may have localized eyelid cancer.
Light sensitivity.
Blurry vision.

Causes

The root cause is not ascertained and may be related to the following conditions.

Allergic reactions to eye makeup, medications, or contact lens solutions.
Clogged oil glands in the eyelids.
Dry eyes.
Eyelash mites.
Skin infection.
Rosacea
Seborrheic dermatitis

Risk factors

Cancer drugs.
Contact lens use.
Dry environment, such as staying in an AC room for a prolonged period.
Hormonal changes or menopause.
Irritants such as dust and chemicals.
Makeup residue.
Oily skin.
Skin bacterial flora.

Diagnosis

Medical history taking and physical exam to determine the type and severity of blepharitis.
Eye discharge culture to check the type and number of bacteria.
Schirmer's test to check if dry eye is the cause.
Eyelash exam for mites.
Eyelid biopsy to rule out skin cancer or other abnormal cells.

Treatment

Warm compress and eye wash
Artificial tear to treat dry eyes
Topical antibiotics eyedrop, cream, or ointment applications to the eyelid to relieve symptoms and treat bacterial infections. The doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics if topical medications fail to improve the symptoms.
Steroid eyedrops or ointments to manage inflammation
Topical cyclosporine.
Treatments for underlying conditions, such as rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis.

Home remedies

Blepharitis is chronic and usually recurs. You should perform daily eyelid cleansing as follows:

Wash your hands before touching your eyes.
Apply a warm, moist washcloth or compress to your closed eyelids for up to five minutes.
Gently rub and massage your eyelids with facial or eye cleanser to remove dirt or oily stain.
Rinse your eyes well.

Meanwhile, refrain from wearing eye makeup and contact lenses.