Lung Cancer: Even Non-Smokers Can Be at Risk
According to the American Cancer Society, in 2018, approximately 20% of lung cancer deaths in the United States (around 30,000 individuals) occurred in people who had never smoked. The development of lung cancer in non-smokers often has underlying genetic abnormalities.
How does lung cancer develop?
While cigarette smoking is well-known as the primary cause of lung cancer, there are many other risk factors, including:
- Exposure to secondhand smoke from smokers around you
- Exposure to radon gas, a naturally occurring gas in soil and rocks
- Exposure to air pollution, particulate matter, and airborne chemicals
- Exposure to asbestos, previously ubiquitous in construction materials
- A family history of lung cancer
Lung cancer begins at the cellular level, when abnormal cells grow and divide uncontrollably. These cells can spread to other organs or bones. Common symptoms—regardless of smoking history—may include:
- Persistent discomfort or fatigue
- Frequent coughing
- Coughing up blood
- Chest pain
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
However, it is crucial to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other medical conditions.
How can you lower the risk of lung cancer?
You can lower your risk of lung cancer by avoiding the following:
- Secondhand smoke: Avoid being in places where people smoke.
- Diesel exhaust fumes: Minimize exposure to areas with heavy diesel smoke and avoid inhaling vehicle exhaust.
- Other air pollution and particulates: Try to stay in areas with clean, well-ventilated air.
- Hazardous substances: Avoid contact with asbestos, arsenic, silica, and certain types of chromium.
What treatment options are available for lung cancer in non-smokers?
In addition to the risk factors mentioned above, some causes of lung cancer are beyond one’s control, such as a family history of the disease. If you have a family history of lung cancer, it is crucial to consult a doctor to determine the best approach for monitoring and maintaining your health.
Lung cancer in non-smokers can sometimes result from DNA alterations (mutations), such as mutations in the EGFR or other genes. Cancers due to these mutations are treatable with targeted therapy.
Read more about targeted cancer therapy here
In summary, everyone carries some risk of developing lung cancer. Regular health screenings can help detect the disease early, allowing for timely intervention when treatment is less complex and the chances of complete recovery are higher.